¥»¥ß¥³¥ó¥Ý¡¼¥¿¥ë
ȾƳÂΡ¦FPD¡¦±Õ¾½¡¦À½Â¤ÁõÃÖ¡¦ºàÎÁ¡¦À߷פΥݡ¼¥¿¥ë¥µ¥¤¥È

¿Í¹©ÃÎǽ¤Ø¤ÎÆ»¡Ê7¡Ë¡¨³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¤ÎÅоì·Ð°Þ

½¸ÀѲóÏ©¤Ï¡¢CMOSµ»½Ñ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¡¢Èæ³ÓŪÆþÎÏËÜ¿ô¤Î¾¯¤Ê¤¤AND¤äNOR¤Ê¤É¤ò´ðËܲóÏ©¤È¤·¡¢²óÏ©µ¬ÌϤòÀѤ߾夲¤ëÀß·×¼êË¡¤òÅöÁ³¤È¤·¤ÆÍ褿¤¬¡¢È¾Æ³Âε»½Ñ¤¬¸«¤¤¤À¤µ¤ì¤ëÁ°¤ÎÃʳ¬¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¿Í¹©ÃÎǽ¤ò¹½À®¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï¡¢³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¤òɽ¸½¤¹¤ë±é»»»Ò¤¬É¬Íספȹͤ¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£ ¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢²þ¤á¤Æ¡¢¡Ö³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¡×¤Î½ÅÍ×À­¤ÈɬÍ×À­¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤ß¤¿¡£

³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¤Îɽ¸½ÊýË¡

¡Ö¿Í¹©ÃÎǽ¤Î¼Â¸½¤Ë¤Ï¡Ø³ÎÄêŪ¤ÊÏÀÍý¡Ù¤ò¡Ø³ÎΨŪ¤ÊÏÀÍý¡Ù¤Ë³ÈÄ¥¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¡×¤È¡¢½é¤á¤Æ»ØÅ¦¤·¤¿¤Î¤Ï¡¢1986ǯ¤ËÏÀʸ¡ÊProbabilistic Logic¡Ë¤òȯɽ¤·¤¿¥Ë¥ë¥¹¡¦¥Í¥ë¥½¥ó»á¡ÊNils J. Nilsson¡¢Åö»þ¥¹¥¿¥ó¥Õ¥©¡¼¥ÉÂç³Ø¤Î¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¥µ¥¤¥¨¥ó¥¹¤Î¶µ¼ø¡Ë¤À¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤ï¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£¡Ê»²¹Í»ñÎÁ1¡Ë¡£

1986ǯ¤È¤¤¤¦¤È¡¢100ËüÁǻҤòͤ¨¤ë¥Á¥Ã¥×¤¬ÎÌ»º¤µ¤ì»Ï¤á¤¿»þÂå¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ Âç·¿¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î¥À¥¤¥ó¥µ¥¤¥¸¥ó¥°¤¬»Ï¤Þ¤ê¡¢ÍÍ¡¹¤Ê½¸ÀѲóÏ©Àß·×ÍѤÎEDA¥Ä¡¼¥ë¤Î¥½¥Õ¥È¥¦¥¨¥¢¤¬³×¿·¤µ¤ì¡¢ICOT¡Ê¿·À¤Â女¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿µ»½Ñ³«È¯µ¡¹½¡Ë¤Ë¤è¤ë¥¨¥­¥¹¥Ñ¡¼¥È¥·¥¹¥Æ¥à³«È¯¤¬¿¿¤ÃºÇÃæ¤À¤Ã¤¿»þÂå¤Ç¤â¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡£

¡Ö³ÎΨŪ¤ÊÏÀÍý¤¬É¬ÍספȤΥ˥륹¡¦¥Í¥ë¥½¥ó»á¤Î¼çÄ¥¤¬¡¢¤½¤Î¥Ç¥£¥¸¥¿¥ë³×Ì¿¤ÎóÕÌÀ´ü¤Ë¤Æ¤É¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë°·¤ï¤ì¤¿¤Î¤«É®¼Ô¤ÏÄ´¤ÙÀÚ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¡£ ¤·¤«¤·¤Ê¤¬¤é¡¢¡ÖÃÎŪ¤Ê¥Þ¥·¥ó¤ÎÀ߷פˤϡ¢³ÎΨŪ¤ÊÏÀÍý¤¬ÍѤ¤¤é¤ì¤ë¤Ï¤º¤À¡×¤È¤Î¸«²ò¤Ï¡¢½¸ÀѲóÏ©³«È¯¤¬»Ï¤Þ¤ëÁ°¤ÎÃʳ¬¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤à¤·¤í¡¢ÉáÄ̤À¤Ã¤¿¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©¡¡

Î㤨¤Ð¡¢Îò»Ë¾å½é¤á¤ÆÅŻҲóÏ©¤òÍѤ¤¤¿¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Î³«È¯¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¥Õ¥©¥ó¡¦¥Î¥¤¥Þ¥ó»á¤Ï¡¢1952ǯ¤Ë¥«¥ê¥Õ¥©¥ë¥Ë¥¢¹©²ÊÂç³Ø¤Ç¹Ô¤Ã¤¿¹Ö±é¡Ê"Probabilistic Logics and the Synthesis of Reliable Organisms from Unreliable Components"¡¢»²¹Í»ñÎÁ2¡Ë¤ò¿Ê¤á¤ë¤Ë¤¢¤¿¤Ã¤Æ¡¢´ðËܲóÏ©¤ò³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¥â¥Ç¥ë¡Ê¿Þ1¡Ë¤È¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£ ¤½¤Î´ðËÜÏÀÍý²óÏ©¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ï¡¢1943ǯ¤Î¥Þ¥«¥í¥Ã¥¯&¥Ô¥Ã¥Ä¡ÊMacCulloch&Pitts¡Ë¤Î¿Í¹©¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ç¤¢¤Ã¤¿¡Ê»²¹Í»ñÎÁ3¡¢4¡Ë¡£

ȾƳÂν¸ÀѲóÏ©¤¬¸«¤¤¤À¤µ¤ì¤ëÁ°¤ÎÃʳ¬¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¤Ê¤¼¿Í¹©ÃÎǽ¤ò¹½À®¤¹¤ë¤Ë¤Ï³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¤òɽ¸½¤¹¤ë±é»»»Ò¤¬É¬Íפȸ«¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©

¿Þ1¡¡¥Õ¥©¥ó¡¦¥Î¥¤¥Þ¥ó»á¤¬1952ǯ¤Î¹Ö±é¤Ç¼¨¤·¤¿¥ª¡¼¥È¥Þ¥¿ (Automata) ¤ò¹çÀ®¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÉôÉʤδðËÜ¥â¥Ç¥ë
¿Þ1¡¡¥Õ¥©¥ó¡¦¥Î¥¤¥Þ¥ó»á¤¬1952ǯ¤Î¹Ö±é¤Ç¼¨¤·¤¿¥ª¡¼¥È¥Þ¥¿ (Automata) ¤ò¹çÀ®¤¹¤ë¤¿¤á¤ÎÉôÉʤδðËÜ¥â¥Ç¥ë¡¡¤³¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤ò¡¢´ðËÜ´ï´± (Basic organ) ¡¢¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢Ã±½ÐÎÏ¥ª¡¼¥È¥Þ¥È¥ó (Automaton) ¤È¸Æ¤ó¤Ç¤¤¤¿¡Ê»²¹Í»ñÎÁ2¡Ë¡£ ¤³¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ï¡¢1943ǯ¤ËÄ󼨤µ¤ì¤¿¤È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥Þ¥«¥í¥Ã¥¯&¥Ô¥Ã¥Ä¡ÊMacCulloch&Pitts¡Ë¤Î¿Í¹©¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¡Ê¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢·Á¼°¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¡Ë¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤È´ðËÜŪ¤Ë¤ÏƱ¤¸¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡Ê»²¹Í»ñÎÁ3¤È4¡Ë¡£ ½Ðŵ¡§Automata Studies, Princeton University Press¡Ê»²¹Í»ñÎÁ2¡Ë


¥Þ¥«¥í¥Ã¥¯&¥Ô¥Ã¥Ä¤Î¿Í¹©¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ï¡¢¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¤Î½ÐÎϤò·×»»¤¹¤ë»þ¤Ë¡¢¤Þ¤º¡¢¥·¥Ê¥×¥¹·ë¹ç¤Î½Å¤ß¤òɽ¤¹¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë{ wi }¤È¡¢ÆþÎÏ¿®¹æ¤¬É½¤¹¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë{ xi }¤ÎÆâÀÑÃͤòµá¤á¤ë¡ÊÃí1¡Ë¡£ ÆâÀÑÃͤϡ¢¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë{ wi }¤È¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë{ xi }¤Î¸þ¤­¤¬Æ±¤¸¤Ç¤¢¤ë»þ¤ËºÇÂç¤È¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤Ç¡¢Î¾¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë´Ö¤Î¡Ö¸þ¤­¡×¤Î°ìÃפÎÄøÅÙ¤òɽ¤¹¼ÜÅ٤Ȥʤ롣¤â¤·¡¢¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤ÎŤµ¤¬µ¬³Ê²½¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢ÆâÀÑÃͤϡ¢¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤Î½ªÅÀ´Ö¤Î¡Öµ÷Î¥¡×¤Ç¤â¤¢¤ë¡£

É®¼Ô¤Ï¡¢¿Í¹©¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¤¬¡¢Æó¤Ä¤Î¾ðÊó¡Ê³Ø½¬¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ³ÍÆÀ¤·¤¿¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤ÈÆþÎÏ¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¡Ë¤Î¡Ö´°Á´°ìÃספǤϤʤ¯¡¢Î¾¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤Î¡Ö¸þ¤­¤Î°ìÃפÎÄøÅ١פä¡Öµ÷Î¥¤Î¶á¤µ¡×¤òÍѤ¤¤ÆÏÀÍý±é»»¤ò¹Ô¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤³¤È¼«ÂΤ¬¡¢¡Ö³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¡×¤Î½ÅÍ×À­¤ò¼çÄ¥¤¹¤ë¤â¤Î¤À¤È»×¤¦¡£ ¡Ö¸þ¤­¤Î°ìÃפÎÄøÅ١פä¡Öµ÷Î¥¤Î¶á¤µ¡×¤Ï¡¢ÉÔ³ÎÄꤵ¤òµöÍÆ¤¹¤ëΩ¾ì¤À¤«¤é¤À¡£ ¸íº¹¤òµöÍÆ¤·¤Æ¿Ê¤á¤ëÏÀÍý¤Ï¡¢Àµ¤Ë¡Ö³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¡×¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£

¤½¤³¤Ç¡¢°Ê²¼¤Ë¡¢¡Ö¿Í¹©¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¤Îưºî¤¬¡¢³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¤ÎŸ³«¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡×¤È¸«Ðö¤¹Íýͳ¤ò¡¢²óÏ©¤¬ÍѤ¤¤ëÁǻҤ修¹æ¤Î´ÑÅÀ¤«¤é¤È¡¢²óÏ©¤¬½èÍý¤¹¤ë¾ðÊó¤ÎÌ̤«¤é¤Þ¤È¤á¤Æ¤ß¤¿¡£


ÁǻҤ修¹æ¤Î´ÑÅÀ¤«¤é¸«¤ë¡Ö³ÎΨŪ½èÍý¡×

¿Í¹©¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¤¬¥â¥Ç¥ë²½¤·¤è¤¦¤È¤¹¤ë¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤Îȯ²Ðưºî¤¬¡¢¤½¤â¤½¤â³ÎΨŪ¤À¤Ã¤¿¤³¤È¤ò»×¤¤½Ð¤·¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤À¤­¤¿¤¤¡£ ¼ÂºÝ¤Î¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤Ë¤ª¤±¤ë¡Öȯ²Ð¸½¾Ý¡×¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¿À·ÐºÙ˦Ëì¤Îæʬ¶Ë¤Ë¤Æ¾å¾º¤¹¤ëËìÅṲ̋¬ïçÃͰʾå¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿»þ¤Ëµ¯¤ë¡Ê¿Þ2¡Ë¡×¤È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¤¬¡¢¤½¤ÎïçÃÍÅṲ̋ϡ¢°ÂÄꤷ¤¿¸ÇÄêÅṲ̋ǤϤʤ«¤Ã¤¿¡ÊÃí2¡Ë¡£


¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤ÎºÙ˦Ëì¤Î³èưÅṲ̋ÈïçÃͤδط¸
¿Þ2¡¡¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤ÎºÙ˦Ëì¤Î³èưÅŰ̡ÊAction Potential¡Ë¤ÈïçÃͤδط¸¡¡ºÙ˦Æâ¤ËήÆþ¤·¤¿¥¤¥ª¥ó¤Ë¤è¤ëËìÅṲ̋Îʬ¶Ë¤¬¡ÖïçÃ͡פò±Û¤¨¤ë¤È¡¢¡Öæʬ¶Ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¥Ý¥¸¥Æ¥£¥Ö¥Õ¥£¡¼¥É¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¸½¾Ý¤¬µ¯¤³¤ê¡¢¥Ñ¥ë¥¹¾õ¤Î³èưÅŰ̡ÊÀ֡ˤ¬È¯À¸¤¹¤ë¡×¤È¤¹¤ë¡£¡¡½Ðŵ¡§Web¾å¤ÎǾ²Ê³Ø¼­Åµ¡Ê2012ǯ4·î3ÆüÈÇ¡Ë


¡ÖºÙ˦Ëì¤ÎξÌ̤ÎÅŰ̺¹¡ÊËìÅŰ̡ˤ¬ïçÃͤòͤ¨¤ë¤È¡¢¥Ý¥¸¥Æ¥£¥Ö¥Õ¥£¡¼¥É¥Ð¥Ã¥¯¡ÊÀµµ¢´Ô¡Ë¤¬¤«¤«¤ê¡¢½ÐÎÏÅṲ̋¬µÞ·ã¤Ë¾å¾º¤¹¤ë¡×¤È¤¤¤¦¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤Îȯ²Ðưºî¤Ï¡¢È¾Æ³ÂΥȥé¥ó¥¸¥¹¥¿¤ò»È¤Ã¤¿º¹Æ°²óÏ©¤Îưºî¤È»÷¤ë¡£ º¹Æ°²óÏ©¤Îưºî¤¬ïçÃͶá˵¤Ç¤Ï³ÎΨŪ¤Ë¤Ê¤ë°Ê¾å¡¢¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤Îȯ²Ð¤¹¤ë¡¿¤·¤Ê¤¤¤ÎȽÄê¤âïçÃͶá˵¤Ç¤Ï³ÎΨŪ¤È¤Ê¤ë¤Î¤ÏÉԻ׵ĤǤϤʤ¤¡Ê»²¹Í»ñÎÁ5¡Ë¡£

¤·¤«¤â¡¢¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤ÎÆþÎÏ¿®¹æ¤Î¿®¹æ¿¶Éý¤Ï100mVÄøÅÙ¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¡£¤¢¤ë°ÕÌ£¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤Ø¤ÎÆþÎÏ¿®¹æ¤Ï¡¢¾ï¤ËïçÃͶá˵¤Ëɺ¤Ã¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤È¤â¸À¤¨¤ë¡£ ¼ÂºÝ¤Î¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤Ç¤Ï¡¢»þÀÞ¡¢¥é¥ó¥À¥à¤Êȯ²Ð¸½¾Ý¡Ê¼«Î§È¯²Ð¡Ë¤¬¸«¤é¤ì¤ë¤¬¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï¡¢È¾Æ³ÂÎÀ߷פò·Ð¸³¤·¤¿¿Í´Ö¤Ç¤¢¤ì¤Ð¡¢¡ÖÆþÎÏ¥ì¥Ù¥ë¤òïçÃͤΥ°¥ì¡¼¥¾¡¼¥óÆâ¤ËÀßÄꤷ¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤À¤«¤é¡¢¸íưºî¤â¤¢¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡×¤È¸À¤Ã¤Æ¤·¤Þ¤¤¤½¤¦¤Ê¸½¾Ý¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡Ê»²¹Í»ñÎÁ6¡Ë¡£

¥Þ¥«¥í¥Ã¥¯&¥Ô¥Ã¥Ä¤Î¿Í¹©¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¤â¡¢¥Õ¥©¥ó¡¦¥Î¥¤¥Þ¥ó»á¤Îñ½ÐÎÏ¥ª¡¼¥È¥Þ¥È¥ó¤â¡¢¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤Îưºî¤òÁÇľ¤Ë¤½¤Î¤Þ¤Þ¥â¥Ç¥ë²½¤·¤¿¤¿¤á¡¢´ðËܲóÏ©¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Îưºî¤ò³ÎΨŪ¤È¤·¤¿¤È¤Ï¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤ë¡£ ¿À·Ð²óÏ©¤ÎÏÀÍýŸ³«¤òÁÇľ¤Ë´Ñ»¡¤¹¤ë¤È¡¢¤½¤ì¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¥Î¥¤¥ºÈ¯À¸¤òȼ¤¦³ÎΨ²áÄø¡×¤È¸«¤¨¤ë¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¡£


¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤¬½èÍý¤¹¤ëÆþÎϾðÊó¡ÊÆþÎÏ¿®¹æ·²¡Ë¤ÎÂ礭¤µ¤¬¡Ö³ÎΨŪ½èÍý¡×¤òɬÍפ¹¤ë

¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤Ø¤Î¿®¹æÆþÎϤÎËÜ¿ô¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë¿¤¯´°Á´°ìÃפ·¤Å¤é¤¤¤¿¤á¡¢¡Ö¤Û¤Ü°ìÃפ·¤¿¾õÂ֡פòÍѤ¤¤ÆÏÀÍý¤ò¿Ê¤á¤ëÊý¤¬Í­ÍѤÀ¤Ã¤¿¤È¤¤¤¨¤ë¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©

¤½¤â¤½¤â¡¢¿Í¹©¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¤â¡¢¸½¼Â¤Î¿À·ÐºÙ˦¤â¡¢°ìÈ̤ˡ¢¥·¥Ê¥×¥¹·ë¹ç¤Î¸Ä¿ô¤ÏÈó¾ï¤Ë¿¤¤¡£ ¿¤¤¾ì¹ç¤Ë¤Ï¡¢1000¤òÍ¥¤Ëͤ¨¤ë¥·¥Ê¥×¥¹¤¬·ë¹ç¤Ë¤è¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Á°Ãʥ˥塼¥í¥ó¤«¤é¤Î¿®¹æ¤ò¼õ¤±¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£ ¤Ä¤Þ¤ê¡¢ÆþÎϾðÊó¤òÌϼ°²½¤¹¤ë¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë{ xi }¤È³Ø½¬¤Ë¤è¤ê³ÍÆÀ¤·¤¿³ÍÆÀ¤·¤¿¾ðÊó¤òÌϼ°²½¤¹¤ë¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë{ wi }¤Î¼¡¸µ¿ô¤Ï¶¦¤ËÈó¾ï¤ËÂ礭¤¤¡£ ½¾¤Ã¤Æ¡¢Î¾¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ë¤¬Á´¤¯Æ±¤¸Êý¸þ¤ò¸þ¤¯²ÄǽÀ­¤ÏÈó¾ï¤ËÄ㤤¤È¤¤¤¨¤ë¡£ ʸ¾Ï¡¢²»³Ú¡¢³¨²è¡¢É÷·ÊÅù¤Î¿Í´Ö¤¬ÂоݤȤ¹¤ë¾ðÊó¤â¡¢ÆóÅÙ¤ÈÆ±¤¸É½¸½¤Ë½Ð²ñ¤¦¤³¤È¤¬Ìµ¤¤¤È»×¤¨¤ëÄø¤ËÊ£¿ô¤Î¾ðÊ󤬰ìÃפ¹¤ë³ÎΨ¤ÏÄ㤤¤â¤Î¤À¡£

½ã¿è¤Ê¿ô³ØÀ¤³¦¤Ë¤Æ¡¢Åù¹æ¡Ê=¡Ë¤¬°ÕÌ£¤¹¤ë¡Ö¸·³Ê¤Ê°ìÃספ¬½ÅÍפǤ¢¤ê¡¢¿ô³ØÀ¤³¦¤Ç¤ÎÅù¹æ¡Ê=¡Ë¤Î½ÅÍ×À­¤ÏÅöÁ³¤È¤·¤Æ¤â¡¢¤·¤«¤·¡¢¿Í´Ö¤ÎǾ¤¬¹Ô¤¦¥Ç¡¼¥¿½èÍý¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Åù¹æ¡Ê=¡Ë¤¬À®Î©¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤Ï¤Û¤È¤ó¤É¤Ê¤¤¤Î¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£ ¤½¤Î°ÕÌ£¤Ç¡¢Ê¸¾Ï¡¢²»³Ú¡¢³¨²è¡¢É÷·Ê¡¢Åù¤Î¾ðÊó½èÍý¤Ë¤ª¤¤¤Æ¤Ï¡¢Åù¹æ¡Ê=¡Ë¤Î½ÅÍ×ÅÙ¤ÏÄ㤤¤È¤â¤¤¤¨¤ë¡£ ¸½¼ÂÀ¤³¦¤Î¾ðÊó¤Ï¡¢Âоݤâ´Ñ»¡ÅÀ¤âÊѲ½¤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¤Î¤¬Ä̾ï¤Ç¤¢¤ê¡¢¹¹¤Ë¡¢¿®¹æ¤Ë¤Ï¥Î¥¤¥º¤â´Þ¤Þ¤ì¤ë¡£ ¸½¼ÂŪ¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¶á»÷¡Ê¢â¡Ë¤Ë¤Æ¡¢¾õÂÖ¤òȽÊ̤·¤Æ¡¢ÏÀÍý¤òŸ³«¤¹¤ë¤·¤«¤Ê¤¤¤È¤â¸À¤¨¤ë¡£

¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢Åù¹æ¡Ê=¡Ëưºî¤òÃæ¿´¤ËÁȤßΩ¤Æ¤é¤ì¤¿¸½ºß¤Î¥í¥¸¥Ã¥¯½¸ÀѲóÏ©¤Ï¡¢¶á»÷¡Ê¢â¡Ë¤¬Ãæ¿´¤È¤Ê¤ëʸ¾Ï¡¢²»³Ú¡¢³¨²è¡¢É÷·Ê¡¢Åù¤Î¹âÅ٤ʾðÊó½èÍý¤Ë¤Ï¸þ¤¤¤Æ¤¤¤Ê¤¤¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ë¤Ê¤é¤Ê¤¤¤«¡©

¥í¥¸¥Ã¥¯½¸ÀѲóÏ©¤Ï¡¢°ìÈ̤ˡ¢¿Þ3¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤Îưºî¤òÍѤ¤¤ÆÀ߷פµ¤ì¤ë¡£¡¡Èæ³ÓŪÆþÎÏËÜ¿ô¤Î¾¯¤Ê¤¤AND¤äNOR¤Ê¤É¤Î´ðËܲóÏ©¤Ç¤¢¤ë¡£´ðËܲóÏ©¤Ï¡¢¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤ÎÆþÎÏ¡ÊX1¡Ë¤ÈÆþÎÏ¡ÊX2¡Ë¤ÎÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤¬´°Á´°ìÃסÊ=¡Ë¤·¤¿¹Ô¤Î¡Ö½ÐÎÏ¡ÊY¡Ë¤ÎÍó¤ÎÃ͡פò½ÐÎϤ¹¤ë¡£


¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤ÎÎã
¿Þ3¡¡¥³¥ó¥Ô¥å¡¼¥¿¤Ç»È¤ï¤ì¤ë´ðËܱ黻²óÏ©¤Î¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤ÎÎã¡¡2ÆþÎϤο¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤Î°ìÈÌ·Á¤Ï¡ÊC¡Ë¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¤Ê¤ë¤¬¡¢³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¤Î¾ì¹ç¤Ï¡¢³Æ¿ôÃͤ¬³ÎΨÃͤȤʤꤦ¤ë¡£¡¡½Ðŵ¡§É®¼ÔºîÀ®

°ìÊý¡¢¸½¼ÂÀ¤³¦¤Î¿¼¡¸µ¾ðÊó¤Î½èÍý¤ËºÇŬ²½¤µ¤ì¤¿¿Í¹©¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¡Ê·²¡Ë¤Î¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤Ï¡¢¿Þ4¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÈó¾ï¤ËÆþÎÏËÜ¿ô¤ÎÂ礭¤Êɽ¤È¤Ê¤ë¤À¤í¤¦¡£ ¹¹¤Ë¡¢³Æ¹Ô¤Î½ÐÎϤÎÍó¤ÎÃͤò¡¢¡Ö0¡Á1¤Î´Ö¤ÎÃͤò¼è¤ë³ÎΨÃ͡פȤ·¤Æ¡¢¡ÖÃÍ1¤¬½ÐÎϤµ¤ì¤ë³ÎΨ¡×¤ò¼¨¤¹¤Î¤¬¼ÂÍѾåÍ­ÍѤȤʤ롣


¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¥â¥Ç¥ë¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤ÎÎã
¿Þ4¡¡¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¥â¥Ç¥ë¤òɽ¸½¤¹¤ë¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤ÎÎã¡¡Èó¾ï¤Ë¿ÆþÎϤǤ¢¤ê¡¢ÆþÎϤä½ÐÎϤÎÍó¤ÎÃͤˡֳÎΨÃ͡פ¬Åо줹¤ë¤è¤¦¤ÊËÜɽ¤Î¤è¤¦¤Êɽ¤È¤Ê¤ë¡£ ³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¤Ë¤Ï¡¢ÇطʤȤ·¤Æ¡¢¡Ö²¿¤Î½¸¹ç¤Ë¤Æ³ÎΨ¤òÌäÂê¤Ë¤¹¤ë¤«¡×¤ä¡¢¡Ö¥µ¥ó¥×¥ë¿ô¡Ê¹ç·×¡Ë¡×¤òÌÀ³Î¤Ë¤·¡¢¹¹¤Ë¡¢¡Ö¶á»÷¡Ê¢â¡Ë¤¬À®¤êΩ¤Ä¤È¸«Ðö¤¹»þ¤Î¡ØÉ¬ÍפʰìÃ×Å١١¢¤â¤·¤¯¤Ï¡¢¡ØµöÍÆ¸íº¹¡Ù¡¢Åù¤òÌÀ³Î²½¤¹¤ëɬÍפ¬¤¢¤ë¤¿¤á¡¢¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¹àÌܤòµ­ºÜ¤¹¤ëÍó¤òÄɲ䷤Ƥ¤¤ë¡£¤Ê¤ª¡¢¤³¤Îɽ¤Ï¡¢1¸Ä¤Î¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¤ÎÆþ½ÐÎÏÏÀÍý¤òÄêµÁ¤·¤¦¤ë¤À¤±¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¯¡¢Îà»÷¤Î»ö¾Ý¤Î¾ðÊó¤ò½èÍý¤¹¤ëÊ£¿ô¸Ä¡Ên¸Ä¤Î¡Ë¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó½¸¹çÁ´ÂÎ¤ÎÆþ½ÐÎÏÏÀÍý¤òÄêµÁ¤¹¤ë¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤È¤¹¤ë¤³¤È¤â¤Ç¤­¤ë¡£¡¡½Ðŵ¡§É®¼ÔºîÀ®


¤½¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ê¿Þ4¤Î¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤ò¡¢¿Þ3¤Î¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤ò»ý¤Ä´ðËܲóÏ©¤òÂçÎ̤ËÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤ÆÉ½¸½¤·Ä¾¤¹¤³¤È¤Ï²Äǽ¤À¤í¤¦¡£ ¸½¤Ë¡¢¸½ºßÄ󶡤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ëAI¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤òÄ󶡤·¤Æ¤¤¤ë¥µ¡¼¥Ð¤Î½¸ÀѲóÏ©¤Ï¡¢2ÆþÎϤǤÏ̵¤¤¤«¤â¤·¤ì¤Ê¤¤¤¬¡¢Èæ³ÓŪ¾¯¿ô¤ÎÆþÎϤÎNAND¤äNOR¤òÂçÎ̤ËÁȤ߹ç¤ï¤»¤¿²óÏ©¤«¤é¹½À®¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡£

¤·¤«¤·¡¢¾¯¤Ê¤¯¤È¤â¡¢¥Õ¥©¥ó¡¦¥Î¥¤¥Þ¥ó¤ä¡¢¥Þ¥«¥í¥Ã¥¯&¥Ô¥Ã¥Ä¤Îº¢¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¿Í¹©Æ¬Ç¾³«È¯¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¿Þ4¤Î¤è¤¦¤ÊÈó¾ï¤ËÆþÎÏËÜ¿ô¤Î¿¤¤³ÎΨŪÏÀÍý¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤Î¤¬ÁÇľ¤À¡×¤È¹Í¤¨¤é¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤¿¡£

¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ï¡¢¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¤¬¹Ô¤¦±é»»¤òÌϤ·¤¿¿Þ4¤Î¿¿ÍýÃÍɽ¤Îưºî¤ò¹Ô¤¦´ðËÜÏÀÍý²óÏ©¤òÍѤ¤¤¿Êý¤¬¡¢AI²óÏ©¤ÎÀ߷פ˸þ¤¯¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤«¡©Â¿ÆþÎϤγÎΨŪÏÀÍý¤òÍѤ¤¤ë¤È¡¢Ç¾¤Î¤è¤¦¤Ë¡¢·àŪ¤Ë¾¯¤Ê¤¤¾ÃÈñÅÅÎϤÇÃÎŪ¾ðÊó½èÍý¤ò¹Ô¤¨¤ë¤È¤¤¤¦¤³¤È¤Ê¤Î¤À¤í¤¦¤«¡©

¸½Âå¤Î½¸ÀѲóÏ©¤Ï¡¢CMOSµ»½Ñ¤òÍѤ¤¤Æ¡¢Èæ³ÓŪÆþÎÏËÜ¿ô¤Î¾¯¤Ê¤¤AND¤äNOR¤Ê¤É¤ò´ðËܲóÏ©¤È¤·¡¢²óÏ©µ¬ÌϤòÀѤ߾夲¤ë¼êË¡¤òÅöÁ³¤È¤·¤ÆÍ褿¤¬¡¢º£°ìÅÙ¡¢Èó¾ï¤Ë¿ÆþÎϤγÎΨŪÏÀÍý¤ÎÍ­ÍÑÀ­¤ò¹Í¤¨¤Æ¤ß¤ë¤Ù¤­¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤Î¤Ç¤Ï¤Ê¤¤¤À¤í¤¦¤«¤È»×¤¨¤ë·ë²Ì¤È¤Ê¤Ã¤¿¡£

Ãí
1. ¥Þ¥«¥í¥Ã¥¯&¥Ô¥Ã¥Ä¤Î¥â¥Ç¥ë¤Ç¤Ï¡¢¿Í¹©¥Ë¥å¡¼¥í¥ó¤Î±é»»Æ°ºî¤ò¡¢¥·¥Ê¥×¥¹·ë¹ç¤Î½Å¤ß¤òɽ¤¹¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ëÎÌ { wi; i=1,2,3,¡¦¡¦¡¦N }¤È¡¢ÆþÎÏ¿®¹æ¤¬É½¤¹¥Ù¥¯¥È¥ëÎÌ { xi; i=1,2,3,¡¦¡¦¡¦N }¤ÎÆâÀÑÃͤòÀ褺µá¤á¡¢¤½¤ÎÆâÀÑÃͤÈïçÃÍ¡Êb¡Ë¤Îº¹¤Ë¡¢³èÀ­²½´Ø¿ô (¦Õ) ¤òºîÍѤµ¤»¤Æ½ÐÎÏÃͤòµá¤á¤ë¡Ê»²¹Í»ñÎÁ 2¡Ë¡£
y=¦Õ(­ôi=1N wi¡¦xi) -b

¸½ºß¤Ç¤Ï¡¢´Ø¿ô (¦Õ) ¤È¤·¤Æ¡¢²¼¿Þ¤Î¤è¤¦¤ËÍÍ¡¹¤Ê´Ø¿ô¥¿¥¤¥×¤¬»î¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤ª¤ê¡¢ÍÑÅӤ˱þ¤¸¤ÆÁªÂò¤µ¤ì¤ë¡£
´Ø¿ô¥¿¥¤¥×
2. ¤½¤ÎïçÃÍ¡ÊïçËìÅŰ̡ˤϡ¢¡ÖºÙ˦Ëì¤Ë¸ºß¤¹¤ë¥Á¥ã¥Í¥ë·ê¤«¤éήÆþ¤¹¤ë¥Ê¥È¥ê¥¦¥à¥¤¥ª¥ó¡Ê+¡ËÎ̤ȡ¢Î®½Ð¤¹¤ë¥«¥ë¥·¥¦¥à¥¤¥ª¥ó¡Ê+¡ËÎÌ¡¢Î®Æþ¤¹¤ë±öÁÇ¥¤¥ª¥ó¡Ê-¡ËÎ̤¬Äà¤ê¹ç¤¦ÅŰ̡פȤµ¤ì¤ë¤â¤Î¤Î¡¢¸·Ì©¤Ë¤Ï¡¢¡Ö¤½¤ì¤é¤Î¥¤¥ª¥ó¤ÎήÆþÎ̤ˤè¤Ã¤Æ¡£ÅṲ̋ε޾徺¸½¾Ý¤¬µ¯¤³¤ë³ÎΨ¤¬ÊѤï¤ë¡×¤¿¤á¡¢Æ°ºî¤¬¥°¥ì¡¼¤ÊÈϰϤ¬¤¢¤ë¤È¤µ¤ì¤Æ¤¤¤ë¡Ê»²¹Í»ñÎÁ5¡Ë¡£

»²¹Í»ñÎÁ
1. Nilsson, N. J., "Probabilistic Logic" Artificial Intelligence, vol.28, pp. 71-87, 1986
2. Neumann, J. V., "Probabilistic logics and the synthesis of reliable organisms from unreliable components", Automata Studies (ed. by C. E. Shannon and J. McCarthy), Princeton University Press, Princeton, N.J., 1956.
3. McCulloch W. S. & Pitts, W., "A logical calculus of the ideas immanent on nervous activity." Bulletin of mathematical biophysics, vol. 5, pp. 115–133, 1943.
4. McCulloch W. S.; "What is a Number, That a Man May Know it, And a Man, That He May Know a Number?" General Semantics Bulletin, vol. 26/27, pp.7–18, 1960.
5. Web¾å¤ÎǾ²Ê³Ø¼­Åµ (2012ǯ4·î3ÆüÈÇ)¤Î¡ÖïçÃ͡פιà
6. »ûÁ°½çÇ·½õ¡¢¡ÖǾ¤ÈÃÎǽ¤ÎʪÍý³Ø¡×¡¢ÊªÀ­¸¦µæ¡¦ÅÅ»ÒÈÇ¡¡Vol.8, No.1, 2020ǯ2·î¹æ

¾ðÊóÅý¹çµ»½Ñ¸¦µæ¹çƱ²ñ¼Ò¡¡²¬ÅçµÁ·û

·îÊÌ¥¢¡¼¥«¥¤¥Ö

¥»¥ß¥³¥ó¥Ý¡¼¥¿¥ë¤Ï¤³¤ó¤Ê¥µ¡¼¥Ó¥¹¤òÄ󶡤·¤Þ¤¹